No technology helps kids get healthy sleep

This article explains why having no technology in a child's bedroom is pivotal to ensure the child gets healthy and quality sleep.

Here's the scenario: A child is glued to his Xbox, or maybe his iPhone or iPad and won't go to bed. Frustrated, mom or dad gives up the fight and walks away, letting the kid play just a little longer -- even though it's a school night.

But an expert on children's sleep says parents need to buck-up.

Dr. Daniel Lewin, associate director of Pediatric Sleep Medicine at Children's Medical Center, says he too has a child who wants to be on the computer constantly.

"It's simply modeling and limit setting, which is critical," Lewin says.

It comes down to parents limiting their own exposure to electronics, especially while in front of children. This helps show the behavior they'd like their kids to mimic.

Lewin says in a culture with constant access to electronic media, there's a lot of pressure to perform.

But "those kids who are on media devices to do their homework and when that's done right before bedtime they're impacting their sleep," says Lewin.

When it comes to kids, Lewin recommends making sure the electronics are off at least an hour before bedtime. That's because the light actually shuts down the biological process that initiates sleep.

"Sleeping with a dim light in the bedroom is fine. But sleeping with electronics on in the bedroom is really not optimal," Lewin says.

For children who take ADHD medication, Lewin says it's extra important to make sure he or she is getting a good night's sleep.

"Getting enough sleep at night is critical for attention, for regulation of emotion," says Lewin. He says it's really important to be able to recognize the signs of sleep disorder and to recognize the signs of inadequate sleep.

"We have a lot of kids who are on ADHD medications. We could start by optimizing sleep before putting kids on medications. Some certainly need it," Lewin says.

There's also a relationship between sleep deprivation and mood, including suicidal thoughts. Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to high blood pressure, strokes and Type 2 diabetes.

Children around the ages of 12 and 13 should get 9.5 to 10 hours of sleep. Older children and adolescents should get about 9.5 hours of sleep.

And, Lewin adds, "The American Academy of Pediatrics has been very clear: no TVs in the bedroom and no electronics in the bedroom absolutely critical."

Read more here

Study: Later school start times are beneficial for adolescents

A study shows that later school start times result in improved sleep quality and a better overall mood in adolescents.

Julie Boergers, Ph.D., a psychologist and sleep expert from the Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, recently led a study linking later school start times to improved sleep and mood in teens. The article, titled "Later School Start Time is Associated with Improved Sleep and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents," appears in the current issue of the Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics.

"Sleep deprivation is epidemic among adolescents, with potentially serious impacts on mental and physical health, safety and learning. Early high school start times contribute to this problem," said Boergers. "Most teenagers undergo a biological shift to a later sleep-wake cycle, which can make early school start times particularly challenging. In this study, we looked at whether a relatively modest, temporary delay in school start time would change students' sleep patterns, sleepiness, mood and caffeine use."

Boergers' team administered the School Sleep Habits Survey to boarding students attending an independent high school both before and after their school start time was experimentally delayed from 8 to 8:25 a.m. during the winter term.

The delay in school start time was associated with a significant (29 minute) increase in sleep duration on school nights, with the percentage of students receiving eight or more hours of sleep on a school night jumping from 18 to 44 percent. The research found that younger students and those sleeping less at the start of the study were most likely to benefit from the schedule change. And once the earlier start time was reinstituted during the spring term, teens reverted back to their original sleep levels.

Daytime sleepiness, depressed mood and caffeine use were all significantly reduced after the delay in school start time. The later school start time had no effect on the number of hours students spent doing homework, playing sports or engaging in extracurricular activities.

Boergers, who is also co-director of the Pediatric Sleep Disorders Clinic at Hasbro Children's Hospital, said that these findings have important implications for public policy. "The results of this study add to a growing body of research demonstrating important health benefits of later school start times for adolescents," she said. "If we more closely align school schedules with adolescents' circadian rhythms and sleepneeds, we will have students who are more alert, happier, better prepared to learn, and aren't dependent on caffeine and energy drinks just to stay awake in class."

Read more here

Study Claims Asthma Could be Factor for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

If your child is having trouble focusing while doing schoolwork, you might need to take a look at his or her sleep habits, a new study suggests.

New research published in the journalSLEEPshows that excessive daytime sleepiness (or EDS) is linked with an increased risk of trouble paying attention at school, being hyperactive, difficulty learning and conduct problems.

"When children are referred for neurobehavioral problems, they should be assessed for potential risk factors for EDS," study researcher Susan Calhoun, Ph.D., of Penn State University, said in a statement. "Recognizing and treating EDS can offer new strategies to address some of the most common neurobehavioral challenges in young school-age children."

The study included 508 children who were part of the Penn State Child Cohort. The researchers conducted sleep testing on them and had the parents report whether their children had any excessive daytime sleepiness. Then, they divided the children up into two groups: One that had the excessive daytime sleepiness, and one that didn't.

The researchers found that excessive daytime sleepiness was linked with "neurobehavioral (learning, attention/hyperactivity, conduct) problems and poorer performance in processing speed and working memory," researchers wrote in the study.

Rather, researchers found that factors like depression or anxiety, inattention, obesity, asthma and trouble falling asleep were linked with excessive daytime sleepiness in the kids (even those who "got enough sleep" during the sleep testing, and didn't have sleep apnea).

Excessive daytime sleepiness can be caused by a number of factors, including not getting enough sleep at night, sleep apnea, medications, and other mental conditions or sleep disorders, according to a 2009 article in the journal American Family Physician.

Recently, a New York Times article also examined the link between sleep and attention problems at school. That article looked specifically at how some cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might actually be a sign of sleep apnea, which leads to sleep deprivation and, then, problems with focusing and attention.

The New York Times reported on a recent Pediatrics journal article, showing that kids with sleep problems -- such as sleep apnea or snoring -- have a 40 to 100 percentincreased risk of ADHD-like behavioral problems.

Read more here

Back-To-School Sleeping Tips on Texas Public Radio

Dr. Josh Rotenberg, pediatric neurologist and sleep specialist, interviewed about sleep problems in children...

Back-To-School Sleeping Tips on Texas Public Radio

With the first day of school right around the corner, parents are trying to get their kids back on a school-year sleeping schedule. Texas Public Radio’s Eileen Pace reports it’s not too late to get some use out of the tips from a local sleep expert.

August 18, 2011 · Dr. Josh Rotenberg says kids sleep when they get sleepy during the summer — sometimes 11:00 or midnight — and then sleep late the next morning.

“When kids have social constraints removed from them, they live naturally. They’re like free-range chickens,” Rotenberg says.

In fact, he says those studies showing kids have a later wake-up clock than adults do are true.

“What’s really interesting is that I see over the summer many fewer kids for headaches and ticks because I think kids are allowed to sleep longer over the summer. And there are a number of studies that show that a delayed school start time — so when you move a school start time in high school from 7:30 to 9:00 — grades go up,” Rotenberg says.

Schools generally have not pushed back their start times.

Listen to the report here....

http://www.tpr.org/news/2011/08/news1108181.html

Omalizumab - A window into asthma therapy in the 21st century?

Omalizumab - A window into asthma therapy in the 21st century?

Sarat Susarla, MD

A recent publication in the New England Journal of Medicine provides evidence that seems to confirm what many lung and asthma specialists have suspected for years. Asthma treatment may hopefully one day surpass the current gold standard therapy - inhaled corticosteroids. Xolair (Omalizumab) is one such therapy that treats asthma by blocking the activity of the body's own allergic antibody, IgE. However, this therapy is costly, and there may be many subtypes of asthma in children that will not respond to this treatment.

Should you let your pets sleep in bed with you?

Q: Is it OK to let your pets sleep in bed with you or not? You've supported the idea, but now I see some don't believe it's a good idea. -- J.K., Houston, TX

A: You're referring to a study from the University of California-Davis which pointed out potential dangers of sharing your bed with a dog or cat. Much of their report focused on parasite transmission.

"The truth is that the vast majority of these parasites are preventable, using products recommended by your veterinarian," says Dr. Larry Kornegay of Houston, TX, president of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

As for reported dangers of being on the wet end of a dog kiss, Kornegay laughs and says, "Well, regular dental care can control much that bacteria." He adds, "Listen, I'm all for using common sense." Allowing pets to lick open sores -- not a good idea, for example. Or to give you a kiss after having been in the trash -- also not a good idea.

Immuno-compromised individuals, for example, should probably not be sharing the bed with a pet. Ask your physician.

Read the rest of the article here.

ABSTRACT: Caffeine alters circadian rhythms and expression of disease and metabolic markers.

Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2011 Feb 22.
Sherman H, Gutman R, Chapnik N, Meylan J, le Coutre J, Froy O.

The circadian clock regulates many aspects of physiology, energy metabolism, and sleep. Restricted feeding (RF), a regimen that restricts the duration of food availability entrains the circadian clock. Caffeine has been shown to affect both metabolism and sleep. However, its effect on clock gene and clock-controlled gene expression has not been studied. Here, we tested the effect of caffeine on circadian rhythms and the expression of disease and metabolic markers in the serum, liver, and jejunum of mice supplemented with caffeine under ad libitum (AL) feeding or RF for 16weeks. Caffeine significantly affected circadian oscillation and the daily levels of disease and metabolic markers. Under AL, caffeine reduced the average daily mRNA levels of certain disease and inflammatory markers, such as liver alpha fetoprotein (Afp), C-reactive protein (Crp), jejunum alanine aminotransferase (Alt), growth arrest and DNA damage 45β (Gadd45β), Interleukin 1α (Il-1α), Il-1β mRNA and serum plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Under RF, caffeine reduced the average daily levels of Alt, Gadd45β, Il-1α and Il-1β mRNA in the jejunum, but not in the liver. In addition, caffeine supplementation led to decreased expression of catabolic factors under RF. In conclusion, caffeine affects circadian gene expression and metabolism possibly leading to beneficial effects mainly under AL feeding.

Infant sleep positioners are dangerous

February 28, 2011

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Consumer Product Safety Commission are warning people not to use sleep positioners for their babies because there is a chance they could suffocate. In the past 13 years, at least 12 babies between the ages of 1 month and 4 months have died when they suffocated in positioners, or when they became trapped between a sleep positioner and the side of their crib or bassinet.

People have been using positioners to keep their babies in certain positions when they sleep. Some positioners are flat pads with side bolsters. Others are inclined like a wedge, or have some other design. These products might be promoted to reduce acid reflux, minimize "flat head" syndrome or even to prevent sudden infant death syndrome, but there is no scientific evidence to support any of these claims.

Read the rest of the article here.

BBC: Happiness = Work, sleep and bicycles

Mark Easton
08:27 UK time, Friday, 25 February 2011

"Overall, how happy did you feel yesterday?" We learned this week that that is one of four new questions being inserted into the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Household Survey as the UK's official number crunchers try to assess the well-being of the nation.

The purpose of this exercise is not to get Britain thinking happy thoughts as the axe falls: the determination to measure well-being pre-dates both the coalition and the age of austerity. The real point is to find a better way of measuring social progress than simply how much stuff we have got.

"While sleep quality seems a textbook case of a problem that can only be addressed in the private realm, former Harvard President Derek Bok has argued that the subjective well-being evidence means that it should to be treated as a policy priority. He suggests actions to address it across the spheres of public education, medical training, and research funding. Other research suggests that actions to address noise pollution and promoting the sleep-related benefits of exercise (e.g. through public health campaigns) would also result in improvements."

Below are some of the findings of the survey: